Hurthle cell thyroid cancer (HCTC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid cancer affecting the thyroid gland, a small organ located in the neck. This cancer type presents more treatment challenges compared to other thyroid cancers. Early identification of symptoms is key to improving treatment outcomes and maintaining a good quality of life for those affected. Here is an in-depth guide to understanding and recognizing the hurthle cell thyroid cancer symtoms.
Overview of Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer originates from the cells of the thyroid gland. The primary types include papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Hurthle cell carcinoma, a subtype of follicular thyroid cancer, predominantly affects individuals over the age of 60 and is known for its more aggressive nature compared to other forms.
Recognizing Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer Symptoms
Common Symptoms
Neck Lump or Swelling
Often the most noticeable symptom is a lump or swelling in the neck that can be felt through the skin.
This lump may gradually increase in size, becoming more prominent over time.
Difficulty Swallowing
Tumors in the thyroid can press against the oesophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
This results in discomfort or the sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.
Breathing Problems
Larger tumours may press against the trachea, causing breathing difficulties or a persistent cough.
In some instances, wheezing or a feeling of tightness in the throat may occur.
Voice Changes
Hoarseness or changes in voice can happen if the cancer affects the nerves controlling the vocal cords.
Persistent changes in voice for several weeks should raise concern.
Advanced Symptoms
Pain in the Neck or Throat
As the cancer progresses, pain may develop in the neck or throat and can radiate to the ears.
This pain tends to be persistent and may worsen over time.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Sudden and unexplained weight loss can indicate advanced cancer.
This symptom, especially when combined with others, calls for immediate medical attention.
Fatigue
Persistent fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell are common in more advanced stages.
This can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Cancer spreading to lymph nodes in the neck may cause them to swell.
These nodes may feel firm or hard and can be painful or tender.
Diagnosing Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer
Diagnostic Procedures
Physical Examination
A doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination, focusing on the neck to check for lumps or swelling.
This examination includes assessing the thyroid gland and nearby lymph nodes.
Imaging Tests
Ultrasound is typically the first imaging test used to evaluate thyroid nodules.
Additional imaging, such as CT scans or MRIs, may help determine the extent of cancer spread.
Fine-needle aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)
This procedure involves using a thin needle to extract cells from the thyroid nodule.
The extracted cells are then examined under a microscope to detect cancerous changes.
Blood Tests
Blood tests can measure thyroid function and levels of thyroid-related hormones.
While these tests can’t diagnose cancer, they provide valuable information about thyroid health.
Treatment Options for Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer
Surgical Treatment
Thyroidectomy
The primary treatment for Hurthle cell thyroid cancer involves the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Depending on the cancer’s extent, either a partial or total thyroidectomy may be performed.
Other Treatment Methods
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
This therapy uses radioactive iodine to destroy remaining thyroid tissue or cancer cells after surgery.
While less effective for Hurthle cell cancer compared to other thyroid cancers, it may still be used in certain cases.
External Beam Radiation Therapy
This method uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
It may be recommended if the cancer has spread beyond the thyroid or if surgery isn’t an option.
Chemotherapy
Although less commonly used for thyroid cancer, chemotherapy may be considered if the cancer has spread extensively.
It involves using drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
In conclusion
Hurthle cell thyroid cancer is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid cancer that necessitates early detection for effective treatment. Recognizing symptoms such as neck lumps, difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, and voice changes is critical for timely medical intervention. If you or someone you know shows these symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly for evaluation and diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly enhance the prognosis and quality of life for those affected by this rare thyroid cancer.
